Europe, once a symbol of democracy, has been weakened by illiberal and populist trends. This book explores its role, as well as that of European thinkers, in recasting democratic ideals. What model to pit against the slide toward authoritarianism? A democratic regime must respect fundamental principles: plurality of opinion, limitations on terms of office, the reduction of inequality, the submission of all social relations to the rule of law, and the absolute primacy of foundational freedoms. These crucial stakes for the future place Europe in a position to become an exemplary model for tomorrow's world.