This clear, concise reference work revisits the roots of the current conflict: the founding of the national of Israel. It interprets major events that have sparked violence in the region, as well as the numerous abortive attempts at peace, all the way through the renewed outbreak of hostilities in 2023. In so doing, it presents a complete survey of the geopolitical stakes in this impossible cohabitation, its impact on neighboring Arab countries, and its repercussions for the world at large.