The end of the European world as we knew it, global conflicts, revolutions, economic crises, a bipolar world, struggles for decolonization and the emergence of the Third World, new challenges emerging at the turn of the 21st century: Serge Berstein and Pierre Milza provide an overview of the previous century to help readers understand key developments and their chronology. From Georges Clemenceau to Emmanuel Macron, Woodrow Wilson to Donald Trump, Sun Yat-sen to Xi Jinping, all the figures who have marked world history from 1900 to the present are examined in the course of these chapters.